Consider first a crude oil that is in the very early stages of being produced from kerogen. A method is provided for desulfurization of oil stock, e. Physicochemical characteristics such as api american petroleum institute gravity specific gravity, pour point, calorific value, kinematic viscosities, reid. Dec 14, 2014 sulfur in crude oil is mainly present in the form of organ sulfur compounds. A crude oil desulfurization process comprising the following steps. Its presence however, is harmful because of its corrosive nature organ sulfur compounds may generally be classified as acidic and non acidic. Desulfurization of crude oil and oil products by local. Low sulfur content of crude oil is particularly preferred. Upgrading and refining of natural bitumen and heavy oil. Energy price volatility and forecast uncertainty, oct2009, pdf. Advances in desulfurization research of liquid fuel 167 in another example, tertbutyl hydroperoxide was used for oxidation of crude oil in the presence of vanadium acetylacetonate at 90 c. Oil benchmarks oxford institute for energy studies. Coal coal can contain up to 10% sulfur by weight, although values of 1 4% are more typical depending on the region where the coal was. Scw is an excellent solvent for high molecular weight organic compounds in crude oils.
Further downstream, the petroleum industry is facing challenges to remove sulfur. Capital savings can be made if most of the sulfur is removed from the crude oil before it is fractionated. Five milliliters of diesel oil was added to 45 ml of cell suspension at 8 g dry cell weight per liter for 24 h in a 300ml flask. Adsorption process of sulfur removal from diesel oil using. Former executive at shell, petrocanada and suncor energy coorstek staff and lab technical team with deep oil refining and marketing. Process considerations in the biodesulfurization of crude oil. This paper describes the progress in technology for desulfurization of crude oil. In order to determine, if this is the maximum that.
Novel desulfurization process of heavy fuel oil using. The removal of sulfur from oil is consequently one of the. The poor quality of crude oil obviously leads to high sulfur contents of oil products, and the technology for desulfurization of crude oil is urgently needed so that the sulfur contents in petroleum product could be reduced from the root. Thanks nikolai, colt and gegio for your valuable suggestions 10,000bpd is our crude unit feed. Refiningdesulfurization global advanced technologies, llc. Nowadays, in many countries there are methods to improve the quality of black gold by removing contaminants, including sulfur. The adsorbents used were various metals impregnated on montmorollonite and charcoal. Heavy oil and conventional crude oil can be commercially upgraded and refined by a variety of processes. The sonocracking process is designed to enhance the quality of. Sour crude is usually less competitive than lighter crude. An excess amount of 30 wt% h 2 o 2 and acetic acid was used to oxidize. Hydrodesulfurization hds is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur s from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and.
One of the important parameters is the content of sulfur in the oil. Hydrodesulfurization hydrodesulfurization hds or hydrotreating is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur compounds from refined petroleum products such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel. Comparative studies on the biodesulfurization of crude oil. We are operating 3 different crudes basically these are slops. The sulfoxides and sulfones produced from sulfur oxidation can be solvent extracted from the heavy oil as a result of their increased polarity.
Thiophenic sulfur is difficult to remove by catalytic hydrodesulfurization, but it can readily be oxidized. Desulfurization of heavy oiloxidative desulfurization ods. Study on ultrasoundassisted oxidative desulfurization for. The better preparation of the oil, the higher the price. Desulfurization of crude oil is one of the important processes in the refining of crude oil to final product. I desulfurization of coal yasuo ohtsuka encyclopedia of life support systems eolss temperature desulfurization process is well proven, the reduction of sorbent consumption is required to minimize the costs for sorbent and residue management. H 2 s is the main sulfide that causes harm in the process of exploitation, storage, transportation and processing of crude oil. Conversion rate of up to 74% was obtained for sulfur compounds 26. Hydrodesulfurization became increasingly important following the passing, in many countries, of new regulations regarding sulfur levels in oil products in order to cut down sulfur dioxide so 2 emissions. Bitumen is currently commercially upgraded by a combination of carbon rejection coking and product.
Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels. Characteristics and desulfurization processes are presented. Sulfur removal from crude oil using supercritical water. Adsorption process of sulfur removal from diesel oil using sorbent materials isam a. Al zubaidy, fatma bin tarsh, noora naif darwish, balsam sweidan sana abdul majeed, aysha al sharafi, and. Apr 12, 2005 after treatment by resting cells of xp, about 62. Sulfur in crude oil, natural gas, process gas and natural gas liquids lng may take many. Thiophenic sulfur is difficult to remove by catalytic hydrodesulfurization, but it. Introduction properties of crude oils and oil products oilproduction. A method for desulfurization of an oil stock having a minimum sulfur content of about 2 weight percent and a minimum metals content of about 50 ppm to produce a lowsulfur, highmetals content raffinate and a highsulfur, lowmetals content extract which comprises contacting said oil stock with liquid sulfur dioxide solvent at a temperature of from about 60 f. Hydrodesulfurization hds is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur s from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils. Desulfurization of crude oil is also a target for biodesulfurization, but few results have been published 7.
Under this arrangement, the clients will supply the crude oil while we do the refining and production of fuels. Comparative studies on the biodesulfurization of crude. In recent times, the required specification for transportation fuels have became increasingly stringent. For decades, crude oil and petroleum products have had the largest share in gross inland energy consump tion in the eu28. Desulfurization of residual oil mobil oil corporation. Most motor oils are made from a heavier, thicker petroleum hydrocarbon base stock derived from crude oil, with additives to improve certain properties. Water is one of the most commonly used supercritical fluids suitable. The large swings consumers have seen over the last decade in the prices of gasoline, heating oil, and other petroleum products were driven by large movements. In order to determine, if this is the maximum that can be achieved by the desulfurizing bacteria, the desulfurized oil from 1.
I desulfurization of coal yasuo ohtsuka encyclopedia of life support systems eolss temperature desulfurization process is well. Fuel 215 2018 865878 the coking process of crude oil, which can be found as organic and inorganic compounds 21, 88. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the price of wti assessed at houston, a new benchmark for exportable. Deep desulfurization of diesel oil and crude oils by a newly. Hydrodesulfurization hydrodesulfurization hds or hydrotreating is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur compounds from refined petroleum products such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and fuel oils. Fee based refining of local crude oil fee tbd gat sm or with its jv partners will refine locally produced or sourced crude for a fixed fee covering cost and return on investment. Chemical engineering department, college of engineering, american university of sharjah, sharjah, uae. Parallel to the decline of conventional oil re serves, it. Crude oil desulfurization is mainly to remove active sulfur. Desulfurization of saudi arabian crudes by oxidation. Deep desulfurization of diesel oil and crude oils by a. Oil desulfurization article about oil desulfurization. Sulfur in crude oil sulfur is the most abundant element in petroleum after carbon and hydrogen.
In this work, the term unconventional resource refers to crude oils having api gravity lower than 22 degrees. At the end of this period, the vials were allowed to settle for 1 hr. The oxidation of saudi arabian crudes was conducted in a glass flask with an electric stirrer. Desulfurization of heavy oiloxidative desulfurization.
The sulfur compounds, for example, one of the most significant impurities in petcoke, could be attached to the carbon skeleton as thiophenes or to aromatic naphthenic molecules. Oil desulfurization article about oil desulfurization by. Mathematical modeling for the removal of sulfur compounds in crude oil is carried out 9,15 and. Specific examples of crude petroleum oils and fractions of crude petroleum oil are west texas crudes, mississippi crudes, middle east crudes, central american crudes, western canada crudes, reduced crudes from these same sources, gas oils, and particularly the deasphalted oils from crude residuum.
Oxidative processes of desulfurization of liquid fuels. We have only one crude unit with 2 side strippers, one for kerosene and other for gasoil. Department of energy under contract deac05960r22464 with lockheed martin energy research corp. At the same time, the costs of conventional hydrodesulfurization hds are rising because of the hydrogen needed. Desulfurization of heavy crude oil by microwave irradiation. Petroleum desulfurization by shigeyoshi takaoka january 1969 a private report bs the process economics program i stanford research institute i menlo park, california. Used in crude oil classification, weight and volume conversion. Bureau of mines on experiments conducted regarding the desulfurization of distillates from crude oil.
Each crude oil or oil products crude oil, kerosene, benzene, motor oil, diesel oil and dbt was supplemented at a final concentration of 200 mgl. Api gravity, sulfur content, and desulfurization of crude oil. Adsorption study of desulfurization of diesel oil using activated charcoal by noora naif darwish a thesis presented to the faculty of the american university of sharjah college of. In part 1, the reactions of alkyl sulfides in scw were studied. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the price of wti assessed at houston, a new benchmark for exportable crude, is a very different animal from wti at cushing, the delivery point for the longestablished futures contract. First round of desulfurization of crude oil with gordonia resulted in approximately 48% reduction in sulfur content of oil. Coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil and peat vol. As a result, oil refineries usually have an hds unit. Sulfur in crude oil, natural gas, process gas and natural gas liquids lng may take many forms, including hydrogen sulfide h 2 s, carbonyl sulfide cos, sulfur oxides sox and the whole family of mercaptans. Optimization of conditions for deep desulfurization of. The flasks were incubated in the dark on a rotary shaker at. The most important characteristics of crude oil that affect the market price are its sulfur content and gravity.
Ultrasonic alternative to hydrodesulfurization hielscher. Oil and petroleum products a statistical european commission. Sulfur in crude oil is mainly present in the form of organ sulfur compounds. Adsorption study of desulfurization of diesel oil using activated charcoal by noora naif darwish a thesis presented to the faculty of the american university of sharjah college of engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in chemical engineering sharjah, united arab emirates may, 2015. We are operating 3 different crudes basically these. Desulfurisation of coal and oil linkedin slideshare. Most of the sulfur in heavy oil is found in bulky thiophenic structures.
Microbially enhanced oil recovery meor biosurfactants biodesulfurization biodemetallation biodenitrogenation biotransformation abstract a signi. Research work is currently being undertaken around the world to bring about. Each crude oil or oil products crude oil, kerosene, benzene, motor oil, diesel oil and dbt was supplemented at a final. Refining of crude oil to final products requires desulfurization of the oil. Heavy oil usually contains percentage levels of sulfur. The h 2 s is easily removed from the desulfurized oil by absorption in a gas treatment unit and subsequently converted to elemental sulfur by the claus process, as will be discussed in lesson 10. The flasks were incubated in the dark on a rotary shaker at 30c and 200 rpm for 15 days. The same results were obtained by oxidation with peroxides at 400415 c and 60. Hence the higher demand for the raw material which costs less to process. Progress in the technology for desulfurization of crude oil. The upgraded crude oil reached an api gravity level of 15.
For the crude oil fractions, the sulfur reductions were up to 48% and 10% for lighter and heavier fractions respectively. Optimization of conditions for deep desulfurization of heavy. Quality and chemistry of crude oils academic journals. Hydrodesulfurization of crude oil over como catalysts in a. Hydrogen sulfur is the only important inorganic sulfur compound find in crude oil.
Many petrochemical products are likewise produced to be almost sulfurfree. Desulfurization of diesel oil and crude oil proceeded as follows. The desulfurization reactivity of actual light oils, such as straightrun light gas oil lgo, commercial light oil clo, and light cycle oil lco, of differing sulfur and aromatic concentrations, was studied using. With an increase in environmental degradation, the environmental norms are becoming more and more stringent day by day.
Pdf desulfurization of heavy crude oil by microwave irradiation. The desulfurization efficiency for light oils lies in the order lgo clo lco. Chauvco, fort chicago energy partners, western oil sands ceo. The sulfur content of the original crude oil was reduced by 2. Effects of desulfurization on the lead susceptibility of. Because evaporative loss results in significant changes in the physical properties and chemical composition of spilled oils, esd measures most properties not only. Hydrodesulfurization of fuel oil refining, hydrocarbons. Desulfurized vacuum residue of crude oil was blended at 80c with vacuum or clarified oil, treated with microwave radiation 448 w at 140c for 3 min and studied for group compn. Fuel specifications that govern transportation fuels have over the years become increasingly stringent with respect to sulfur content. Us2771401a desulfurization of crude oil and crude oil. The total sulfur content of fushun crude oil was decreased from 3,210 ppm to 1,210 ppm and that of sudanese crude oil was decreased from 1,237 ppm to 653 ppm. Mathematical modeling for the removal of sulfur compounds in crude oil is carried out 9,15 and model is validated by the available data in literature16,17,18. Adsorptive desulfurization of kerosene and diesel oil by. Adsorptive desulfurization of kerosene and diesel oil by zn.
The most commonly required desulfurization process is in natural gas, but it is also required for flue gas, coal and oil. Desulfurization of fuels is commonly achieved by catalytic hydrodesulfurization hds, in which the organic sulfur species are converted to h 2 s and the corresponding hydrocarbon, as in the following. Ultrasonic alternative to hydrodesulfurization oil refineries are facing increasingly sulfurous sour crude supplies and environmental regulatory pressure on sulfur content of gasoline. Supercritical water scw desulfurization was investigated for both model sulfur compounds and arab heavy crude. The reactivity of rsh mercaptan, or thiol compounds is higher than that of disulfides rssr. Fuel specifications that govern transportation fuels have over the years become increasingly stringent with. A catalytic process in which the petroleum feedstock is reacted with hydrogen to reduce the sulfur content in the oil explanation of oil desulfurization.
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